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Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2006) - Honduras (2001)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2006) z Honduras (2001)

 Sao Tome and Principe (2006)Honduras (2001)
 Sao Tome and PrincipeHonduras
Administrative divisions 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome


note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.5% (male 46,478/female 45,302)


15-64 years: 48.8% (male 45,631/female 48,661)


65 years and over: 3.8% (male 3,368/female 3,973) (2006 est.)
0-14 years:
42.22% (male 1,381,823; female 1,322,684)

15-64 years:
54.21% (male 1,719,593; female 1,753,003)

65 years and over:
3.57% (male 108,271; female 120,678) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish bananas, coffee, citrus; beef; timber; shrimp
Airports 2 (2006) 119 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
total:
12

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
107

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
21

under 914 m:
84 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1,001 sq km


land: 1,001 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
112,090 sq km

land:
111,890 sq km

water:
200 sq km
Area - comparative more than five times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than Tennessee
Background Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy. Part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and one-half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting against leftist guerrillas.
Birth rate 40.25 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 31.94 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $26.39 million


expenditures: $59.48 million; including capital expenditures of $54 million (2004 est.)
revenues:
$607 million

expenditures:
$411.9 million, including capital expenditures of $106 million (1999 est.)
Capital name: Sao Tome


geographic coordinates: 0 12 N, 6 39 E


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Tegucigalpa
Climate tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains
Coastline 209 km 820 km
Constitution approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995
Country name conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe


conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe


local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe


local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
conventional long form:
Republic of Honduras

conventional short form:
Honduras

local long form:
Republica de Honduras

local short form:
Honduras
Currency - lempira (HNL)
Death rate 6.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $318 million (2002) $5.4 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands chief of mission:
Ambassador Frank ALMAGUER

embassy:
Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa

mailing address:
American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa

telephone:
[504] 238-5114, 236-9320

FAX:
[504] 236-9037
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA


chancery: 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (212) 317-0580


FAX: [1] (212) 935-7348


consulate(s): Atlanta
chief of mission:
Ambassador Hugo NOE PINO

chancery:
Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 966-7702

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-9751

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)

honorary consulate(s):
Boston, Detroit, and Jacksonville
Disputes - international none with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required; the maritime boundary dispute with Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea is before the ICJ
Economic aid - recipient $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program $557.8 million (1999)
Economy - overview This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, and is expected to benefit from an additional round of HIPC debt relief in early 2006, to help bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, Sao Tome signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program worth $4.3 million. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria. The first production licenses were sold in 2004, though a dispute over licensing with Nigeria delayed Sao Tome's receipt of more than $20 million in signing bonuses for almost a year. Real GDP growth reached 6% in 2004, and also probably in 2005, as a result of increases in public expenditures and oil-related capital investment. Honduras, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, is banking on expanded trade privileges under the Enhanced Caribbean Basin Initiative and on debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. While reconstruction from 1998's Hurricane Mitch is at an advanced stage, and the country has met most of its macroeconomic targets, it failed to meet the IMF's goals to liberalize its energy and telecommunications sectors. Economic growth has rebounded nicely since the hurricane and should continue in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 13.95 million kWh (2003) 3.232 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 145 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 15 million kWh (2003) 3.319 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
44.71%

hydro:
55.29%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water) as well as several rivers and streams with heavy metals; severe Hurricane Mitch damage
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%
Exchange rates dobras per US dollar - 9,900.4 (2005), (2004), 9,347.6 (2003), 9,088.3 (2002), 8,842.1 (2001) lempiras per US dollar - 15.1407 (December 2000), 15.1407 (2000), 14.5039 (1999), 13.8076 (1998), 13.0942 (1997), 12.8694 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ (since 21 April 2006)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 July 2006 (next to be held July 2011); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president


election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president; percent of vote - Fradique DE MENEZES 60%, Patrice TROVOADA 38.5%
chief of state:
President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; First Vice President William HANDAL (since NA); Second Vice President Gladys CABALLERO de Arevalo (since NA); Third Vice President Hector Vidal CERRATO Hernandez (since NA)

head of government:
President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; First Vice President William HANDAL (since NA); Second Vice President Gladys CABALLERO de Arevalo (since NA); Third Vice President Hector Vidal CERRATO Hernandez (since NA)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 30 November 1997 (next to be held 25 November 2001)

election results:
Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse elected president; percent of vote - Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (PL) 50%, Nora de MELGAR (PN) 40%, other 10%
Exports NA bbl/day $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil coffee, bananas, shrimp, lobster, meat; zinc, lumber
Exports - partners Netherlands 61.1%, Belgium 9.2%, Turkey 5.5%, South Korea 4% (2005) US 35.4%, Germany 7.5%, El Salvador 6.4%, Guatemala 5.8%, Nicaragua 4.8% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $17 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 16.7%


industry: 14.8%


services: 68.4% (2005 est.)
agriculture:
16.2%

industry:
31.9%

services:
51.9% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 6% (2004 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 7 00 E 15 00 N, 86 30 W
Geography - note the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous -
Highways - total:
15,400 km

paved:
3,126 km

unpaved:
12,274 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
1.2%

highest 10%:
42.1% (1996)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; vulnerable to money laundering
Imports NA bbl/day $2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs
Imports - partners UK 94.2%, Portugal 2.7%, US 1% (2005) US 47.1%, Guatemala 7.4%, El Salvador 5.9%, Mexico 4.8%, Japan 4.7% (1999)
Independence 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 4% (1999 est.)
Industries light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products
Infant mortality rate total: 41.83 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 43.74 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 39.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
30.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 15.2% (2005 est.) 11% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer) BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 8 (2000)
Irrigated land 100 sq km (2003) 740 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are elected for four-year terms by the National Congress)
Labor force 35,050 2.3 million (1997 est.)
Labor force - by occupation note: population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers agriculture 29%, industry 21%, services 50% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,520 km

border countries:
Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
Land use arable land: 8.33%


permanent crops: 48.96%


other: 42.71% (2005)
arable land:
15%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
14%

forests and woodland:
54%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
Languages Portuguese (official) Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Legal system based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 26 March 2006 (next to be held March 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - MDFM-PCD 37.2%, MLSTP 28.9%, ADI 20.0%, NR 4.7%, other 9.2%; seats by party - MDFM-PCD 23, MLSTP 19, ADI 12, NR 1
unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 30 November 1997 (next to be held 25 November 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PL 46%, PN 38%, PINU-SD 4%, PDC 2%, PUD 2%; seats by party - PL 67, PN 55, PINU-SD 3, PDC 2, PUD 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 67.31 years


male: 65.73 years


female: 68.95 years (2006 est.)
total population:
69.35 years

male:
67.51 years

female:
71.28 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.3%


male: 85%


female: 62% (1991 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
72.7%

male:
72.6%

female:
72.7% (1995 est.)
Location Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua
Map references Africa Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
natural extension of territory or to 200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1000 GRT or over) 21,527 GRT/29,823 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 7


foreign-owned: 3 (Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1) (2006)
total:
313 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 760,819 GRT/820,582 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 21, cargo 187, chemical tanker 7, container 4, livestock carrier 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 52, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 2

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Russia 4, Singapore 2, Vietnam 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay and conditions have been a problem in the past, as has alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance as initial steps towards the improvement of the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005) -
Military branches Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (FASTP): Army, Coast Guard, Presidential Guard (2004) Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $581,729 (2005 est.) $35 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.8% (2005 est.) 0.6% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,515,101 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
902,220 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
72,335 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1975) Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Nationality noun: Sao Tomean(s)


adjective: Sao Tomean
noun:
Honduran(s)

adjective:
Honduran
Natural hazards NA frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast
Natural resources fish, hydropower timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower
Net migration rate -2.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) -2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Efrain DIAZ Arrivillaga, president]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Marias FUNES Valladares, president]; Liberal Party or PL [Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse, president]; National Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban VALLADARES, president]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Carlos URBIZO, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Federation of Honduran Workers or FUTH
Population 193,413 (July 2006 est.) 6,406,052

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 54% (2004 est.) 53% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 3.15% (2006 est.) 2.43% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto Lempira
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002) AM 241, FM 53, shortwave 12 (1998)
Radios - 2.45 million (1997)
Railways - total:
595 km

narrow gauge:
349 km 1.067-m gauge; 246 km 0.914-m gauge (1999)
Religions Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census) Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.9 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: adequate facilities


domestic: minimal system


international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
inadequate system

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Telephones - main lines in use 7,000 (2004) 234,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 12,000 (2005) 14,427 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 2 (2002) 11 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain volcanic, mountainous mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
Total fertility rate 5.62 children born/woman (2006 est.) 4.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 28% (2000 est.)
Waterways - 465 km (navigable by small craft)
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